More on World XTLII Summit

“Everyone who enjoys thinks that the principal thing to the tree is the fruit, but in point of fact the principal thing to it is the seed. -- Herein lies the difference between them that create and them that enjoy.” -- Friedrich Nietzsche (German classical Scholar, Philosopher and Critic of culture, 1844-1900.)

An email from Palladian Publications (http://www.palladian-publications.com/) alerted me to the World XTLII Summit (http://www.cwcxtl.com/) coming to London in June.  I passed the information to Desulfurization Blog (www.desulf.blogspot.com) readers in a previous post.

This post describes how World XTLII can seed searches along multiple paths.

One path … background on the speakers.  Sometimes a conference Web includes biographical information on the speakers.  Not in this case.

Three of the speakers are …

1.       Andy Brown, Executive Vice President Shell Qatar

2.       Ettienne Rademeyer, Chief operations officer at ORYX GTL

3.       Mike Nel, General Manager New Business Development, Sasol

So here are three possible information sources …

·         Google®

·         LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com)

·         Online databases like LexisNexis, EbscoHost, and ScienceDirect

A handful of results …

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YOUTUBE

Andy Brown, Executive Vice President Shell Qatar, discusses GTL technology and the Pearl GTL project

source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRruzA_85G0

LINKEDIN

Ettienne Rademeyer LinkedIn Profile, Chief operations officer at ORYX GTL

http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=47242359&authType=NAME_SEARCH&authToken=xXQF&locale=en_US&srchid=9c6e2e3b-6383-43ee-a813-867da64f7b00-0&srchindex=1&srchtotal=2&pvs=ps&pohelp=&goback=%2Efps_*1_Ettienne_Rademeyer_*1_*1_*1_*1_*51_*1_Y_*1_*1_*1_false_1_R_true_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2_*2

LINKEDIN

Mike Nel, General Manager New Business Development, Sasol

http://www.linkedin.com/pub/mike-nel/9/110/77b

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Other search paths to wander down …

·         Background on Shell Qatar, Pearl GTL, Oryx GYL, and Sasol.

·         Literature search on XTL processes, including GTL, CTL, and BTL

·         Patent searches on any and all of the above

Here’s one patent application …

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MICROORGANISM MEDIATED LIQUID FUELS John W. SZUHAY et al

A method for producing a liquid fuel from a hydrocarbon source. In one embodiment, the method comprises disintegrating a hydrocarbon source, treating the disintegrated hydrocarbon source, solubilizing the disintegrated hydrocarbon source, admixing a biochemical liquor, wherein the biochemical...

Inventors: John W. SZUHAY, Richard Troiano

Assignees: JRST, LLC

Application number: 12/620,245

Publication number: US 2010/0163460 A1

Filing date: Nov 17, 2009

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And here’s an article …

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Low-Pressure Hydrocracking of Coal-Derived Fischer−Tropsch Waxes to Diesel

Dieter Leckel*

Fischer−Tropsch Refinery Catalysis, Sasol Technology Research and Development, Post Office Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa

Energy Fuels, 2007, 21 (3), pp 1425–1431

DOI: 10.1021/ef060601x

Publication Date (Web): March 17, 2007

Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

AbstractCoal-derived low-temperature Fischer−Tropsch (LTFT) wax was hydrocracked at pressures of 3.5−7.0 MPa using silica−alumina-supported sulfided NiW/NiMo and an unsulfided noble metal catalyst, modified with MoO3. A low-pressure operation at 3.5 MPa produced a highly isomerized diesel, having low cloud points (from −12 to −28 °C) combined with high cetane numbers (69−73). These properties together with the extremely low sulfur (<5 ppm) and aromatic (<0.5%) contents place coal/liquid (CTL) derived distillates as highly valuable blending components to achieve Eurograde diesel specifications. The upgrading of coal-based LTFT waxes through hydrocracking to high-quality diesel fuel blend components in combination with commercial-feasible coal-integrated gasification combined cycle (coal-IGCC) CO2 capture and storage schemes should make CTL technology more attractive.

Source: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef060601x

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Of course, all this online research takes time.  Leverage your time by enlisting the help of your corporate librarian if there is one.  If not consider employing an Independent Information Professional.  Visit AIIP (www.aiip.org) – Association of Independent Information Professionals – to find the right one for your project.

Search Strategy: Review Articles & Dissertations

"Since time is the one immaterial object which we cannot influence--neither speed up nor slow down, add to nor diminish--it is an imponderably valuable gift.” -- Maya Angelou (American Poet, b.1928)

Get up to speed on a new technology by reading …
1) Review articles
2) Dissertations

I recommend "review" articles ... but how do you find "review" articles? One way ... pick a key word, like "biodesulfurization", and combine it with "review". Here, for example, is an article I found in Ebsco Academic using the following search string:

biodesulfurization review

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Microbial desulfurization of motor fuel
Authors:Debabov, V.1 debabov@genetika.ru
Source:Applied Biochemistry & Microbiology; Nov2010, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p733-738, 6p.
Abstract
Deep desulfurization of oil and its fractions is currently performed by hydration at high temperature and hydrogen pressure, which makes the process rather expensive. Searches for alternative modes for desulfurization, among which is biodesulfurization, are intensely in progress. In this review, the following subjects are discussed: microorganisms capable of desulfurizing petroleum products, mechanisms of their activity, achievements in the field of process development, and disadvantages of the method. The existing level of knowledge is insufficient for immediate implementation of an industrial biotechnological process for sulfur elimination from oil and motor fuel and it can only be regarded as a medium-term (10-15 years) prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR].
Copyright of Applied Biochemistry & Microbiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.).
Author Affiliations:1State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow 117545 Russia.
ISSN:00036838.
DOI:10.1134/S0003683810080016.
Database: Academic Search Premier
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Another good source for "review" ... dissertations and theses. Dissertations and theses typically begin with an introduction, followed by a descriptive literature review. Taken together, these two sections can get you up to speed as fast as a speeding bullet.

For example, Google® the following search string ...

biodesulfurization thesis 2011

One result ...

Title: Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel using a single phase photochemical microreactor
Authors: Jones, Jacob Aaron
Advisors: Yokochi, Alexandre F.
Jovanovic, Goran N.
Committee Members: Penner, Mike
Citation URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18974
Abstract: There is an urgent need to lower the concentration of sulfur in diesel fuels. Growing concern over environmental effects caused by burning sulfur-containing diesel has led the world to higher standards in fuel refinement. Because of these lower standards, many techniques have been researched to remove sulfur containing compounds or otherwise reduce the sulfur content. Hydrodesulfurization remains the primary method to reduce most light sulfur-containing compounds. This process removes sulfides, sulfates, and thiols using high temperature and pressure reactions but is unable to remove aromatics and long chains containing sulfur molecules. Biodesulfurization has also been considered, utilizing microorganisms to target specific sulfur-containing compounds to remove the sulfur while leaving the high energy fuel intact. Oxidative reactions have also been considered including photocatalytic oxidation in an attempt to oxidize these aromatic compounds so that they may be removed using a polar solvent. An ultraviolet light assisted oxidative reaction occurring in a microreactor was studied. Dibenzothiophene was used as a model refractory organic compound mixed in Decane as a solvent. Dibenzothiophene undergoes a series of oxidative reactions which produce an intermediate, Dibenzothiophene Sulfoxide, and a final product, Dibenzothiophene Sulfone. This reaction only proceeds in the presence of Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide and ultraviolet light. These reactions are reversible and an equilibrium is established between Dibenzothiophene, Dibenzothiophene Sulfoxide, and Dibenzothiophene Sulfone. The equilibrium is strongly affected by the molar ratios of the reactants. Increasing the molar ratio of Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide to Dibenzothiophene reduces the concentration of Dibenzothiophene in the product stream or causes the reaction to shift its equilibrium towards the products. Equilibrium may not be affected by Temperature. Previous studies have shown that equilibrium concentrations have a temperature dependence. However, under the conditions of this research there was no indication of a temperature dependence. It is possible that because of the molar ratios used the reaction did not proceed appreciably regardless of temperature so the temperature dependence was not apparent. A Taylor dispersion apparatus was assembled to measure infinite dilution diffusion coefficients for Dibenzothiophene, Dibenzothiophene Sulfoxide, Dibenzothiophene Sulfone, and Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide were measured. Values were close to those calculated using the Wilke-Chang equation. These coefficients along with measured absorption coefficients were important in developing an accurate mathematical model. A mathematical model was developed to include convective and diffusive flux, fluid transport, and reaction kinetics. COMSOL™ Multiphysics was used to numerically solve the mathematical model. Experimental data is fitted to the model to determine the reaction rate constants for each of the reversible reactions. The model was compared to previously reported data taken at 22°C and 40°C using a reactor thickness of 50 um and 100um. The model fit the data very well and can be implemented in predicting concentrations within the reactor.
source: http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/18974
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And another tip ... whenever you find a citation that includes a DOI - Digital Object Identifier - copy the DOI and paste it into your Google search box. It will take you right to the appropriate place, without all the similarly worded listings that can clutter up you results

Time Saver Tip: LinkedIn Groups

“The only reason for time is so that everything doesn't happen at once.” -- Albert Einstein (German born American Physicist, 1879-1955)

Join LinkedIn (http://www.linkedin.com/) and then browse the LinkedIn groups for groups that might interest you. And then join those groups.

You will begin to receive notifications of postings to those groups. Many postings won’t interest you. Others will. It takes very little time, but can yield good results.

Here, for example, are a couple of postings to the LinkedIn Petroleum Downstream Group that caught my eye …
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LINKEDIN PETROLEUM DOWNSTREAM GROUP
Join us at the World Refining Technology Summit 2011, 28-29 September 2011, JW Marriott Houston TX! Started by Meghana Shah, Head - Strategic Marketing at Cerebral Business Research


An exclusive platform to present papers, showcase products and network with peers in the Oil & Gas Refining Industry! Take a tour of our...
By Meghana Shah, Head - Strategic Marketing at Cerebral Business Research
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Interesting interview with Total's Senior Vice President of Strategy Read it now: http://core.wraconferences.com/269/1000/index.php Comment or flag »
Started by Dominica Andrews, Experienced Conference Producer and Project Manager
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Here are a few more time saver tips …
1. Follow the Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/)
2. Add the Desulfurization Blog as an RSS Feed to you corporate Intranet
3. Recommend the Desulfurization Blog to colleagues

Conference Alert … World XTL 11 Summit

“Of all the thirty-six alternatives, running away is best.” -- Chinese Proverb

When it comes To Liquid, X marks the spot … XTL = GTL, CTL and BTL. These three alternative energy sources are expected to help ease the pain caused by the inexorable decline in world oil supplies. Even if your focus is on petroleum desulfurization, you might be interested in the World XTL 11 Summit. Because just because it is “alternative” doesn’t mean it sulfur free. The need for cost effective desulfurization technology is just as important to XTL as it is to petroleum.

Here are some details from the World XTL 11 Summit Web …
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World XTL 11 Summit
Hilton, London Bridge, London, United Kingdom
Driving the Commercialization of GTL, CTL & BTL


Network, join the debate and develop your XTL business.


2011 will be a critical year in realising the potential of XTL. Determine what the latest developments mean for you at the 11th World XTL Summit. There is no better way to meet and network with leading decision-makers, innovators and your international peers. With speakers from Pearl GTL, Oryx GTL and Sasol and top-level representation from: Axens, BP, bioliq, Compact GTL, DNV,GTL.F1, IEA, Infra Technology, Navigant Consulting Inc, Oxford Catalysts/Velocys, Qatar Airways, Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Total, this is the XTL event not to be missed!


Elliott McGinn
Emcginn@thecwcgroup.com


Source: http://cwcxtl.com/
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I’ll have some tips and tricks for online research on XTL in my next post to the Desulfurization Blog. Meanwhile, let your colleagues know about the Blog. And consider adding the Blog as a feed to your corporate Intranet.

Conference Alert: Platts 6th Annual Oil & Gas Shale Developer

“No grand idea was ever born in a conference, but a lot of foolish ideas have died there.” -- F. Scott Fitzgerald (American Writer. Author of The Great Gatsby. 1896-1940)

Shale oil represents a big opportunity for oil production. Challenges also abound, including desulfurization of the product. Platts is presenting a conference that will interest anyone involved in shale oil development.

Here is information from the confererence Web …
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Platts Oil & Gas Shale Developer, June 21-22, 2011, Westin Oaks Hotel, Houston, Texas
Platts Oil & Gas Shale Developer is the foremost industry event examining how to invest in and develop emerging/established oil and gas shale plays while at the same time avoiding technological and capital risk. It attracts E&P/geoscience, midstream, marketing/trading, drilling, engineering, and many other O&G industry titles.


Platts 6th Annual Oil & Gas Shale Developer Will Examine:
•Emerging North American oil shale plays — Oklahoma Woodford/horizontal Mississippi lime, Niobrara, and Utica
•Eagle Ford Shale — Finding the right gas/oil/NGL mix
•International opportunities and investment — Latin America, China, and Africa
•Eastern European International Shale plays — Poland's Silurian, Germany's Posidonia
•Held-By-Production (HBP) drilling — What are the lease expiration numbers?


Confirmed Speakers to Date include:
•Tom Harris, Chief Operating Officer, eCorp
•Ron Harrell, Chairman Emeritus, Ryder Scott Company, LP
•Terry Barr, Chief Executive Officer, Samson Oil and Gas
•Daniel Jarvie, Senior Geoscientist, Realm Energy
•S.P. "Chip" Johnson, IV, President and Chief Executive Officer, Carrizo Oil & Gas
•Matt Marshall, Senior Energy Analyst, Bentek
•Pearce Hammond, Director, Institutional Research, Simmons & Company International
•John White, Vice President, Triple Double Advisors


For more information and speaking opportunities, contact:
Erica Giardina
Tel: 781-430-2115
erica_giardina@platts.com


source: http://www.platts.com/ConferenceDetail/2011/pc123/index
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And now, todays’ search tip … remember Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org/). If Oil Shale is a new topic for you, get some quick background by viewing the following article …
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WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE
Oil shale
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oil shale, an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock, contains significant amounts of kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be extracted. Kerogen requires more processing to use than crude oil, which increases its cost as a crude-oil substitute both financially and in terms of its environmental impact. Deposits of oil shale occur around the world, including major deposits in the United States of America. Estimates of global deposits range from 2.8 trillion to 3.3 trillion barrels (450×109 to 520×109 m3) of recoverable oil.


The chemical process of pyrolysis can convert the kerogen in oil shale into synthetic crude oil. Heating oil shale to a sufficiently high temperature will drive off a vapor which processing can distill (retort) to yield a petroleum-like shale oil—a form of unconventional oil—and combustible oil-shale gas (the term shale gas can also refer to gas occurring naturally in shales). Industry can also burn oil shale directly as a low-grade fuel for power generation and heating purposes and can use it as a raw material in chemical and construction-materials processing.


Oil shale has gained attention as an energy resource as the price of conventional sources of petroleum has risen and as a way for some areas to secure independence from external suppliers of energy. At the same time, oil-shale mining and processing raise a number of environmental concerns, such as land use, waste disposal, water use, waste-water management, greenhouse-gas emissions and air pollution.[9][10] Estonia and China have well-established oil shale industries, and Brazil, Germany, Israel and Russia also utilize oil shale.


Contents
The shale oil derived from oil shale does not directly substitute for crude oil in all applications. It may contain higher concentrations of olefins, oxygen, and nitrogen than conventional crude oil. Some shale oils may have higher sulfur or arsenic content. By comparison with West Texas Intermediate, the benchmark standard for crude oil in the futures-contract market, the Green River shale oil sulfur content ranges from near 0% to 4.9% (in average 0.76%), where West Texas Intermediate's sulfur content has a maximum of 0.42%. The sulfur content in shale oil from Jordan's oil shales may rise even up to 9.5%.


source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale
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The Desulfurization Blog (http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/) is unique … it provides updates on developments in desulfurization technology … AND it offers tips on how to increase your online research effectiveness, no matter what technology is under scrutiny. Follow it, and recommend it to friends and colleagues.

Let Me Say This About That … a Sulphco update

“Let Me Say This About That” – Title of a New York Times Book Review of  "The Arrogance of Power," a biography of Nixon (October 8, 2000)

Let me be perfectly clear … I have no opinion either way on Sulphco. I have no idea whether it is a good investment. I have no idea whether they own a truly cost-effective desulfurization technology.

The reason I post the following is that it provides a good case study in determining whether a company with new technology offers promise for your organization.

The problem with promising new technologies is that, without a track record, it is impossible to be sure whether they can deliver the goods. The best you can do is to check credible sources so that you can make a decision on whether to take that leap of faith that commits you to an unproven technology.

Conducting a full scale background check on a technology and the company that offers it is expensive and time consuming. Which is why you are better served by a preliminary search to determine whether a full scale search is warranted.

The checklist of sources for a preliminary search should include, at a minimum …

• News (e.g. Yahoo finance) … including legal difficulties, strategic alliances, etc.
• Patents (e.g., Google Patents)
• Journal articles (e.g. Ebsco Academic)
• Analyst reports (e.g. Wikinvest) … for help in determining how to make sense of it all

That last bulleted item can be crucial. A search on a controversial company like Sulphco can result in a range of opinions, ranging from sonocracking is the greatest thing since the invention of the wheel to a Barron’s article describing the whole Sulphco enterprise as nothing more than an elaborate hoax.

How do you make sense of it all in a limited amount of time? One way is to read what various analysts have to say about a company.

One place to start, especially if it is a publicly traded company, is Wikinvest (http://www.wikinvest.com/). The Sulphco article (http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/SulphCo,_Inc._(SUF)) provides a reasoned, unemotional description of the company, its technology, and the challenges it faces in implementing its technology in the context of global trends. It mentions the legal issues, the technological challenges, and the competitive hurdles with which Sulphco leadership must deal.

One of the most interesting comments is, to quote from the article …

“Finally, it is worth considering that gas prices are rising, and the market is demanding new types of non-fossil fuel energy. A large scale acceptance of Electric Cars or Hybrid and Alternative Energy Technology could throw a serious monkey wrench into SulphCo's future business. Companies which provide and develop these technologies could be viewed as SulphCo's indirect competitors”
Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/SulphCo,_Inc._(SUF)

A preliminary search, it is needless to say but I say it anyway, can be fairly time consuming. Your corporate librarian or a trusted independent information professional can help you leverage your time.

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Jean offers these tips in the hope that they will actually be used. If you have any tips of your own to share, please post to the blog or email Jean at http://www.jeansteinhardtconsulting.com/

Sonochemistry … and desulfurization

“The automobile engine will come, and then I will consider my life's work complete.” Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (March 18, 1858 – c. September 29, 1913); German inventor and mechanical engineer, famous for the invention of the diesel engine

What I like about this …
“Ultrasound” desulfurization is a technology that has suffered from the controversy surrounding companies that claim to have a technology that works. The article below provides evidence of the results of genuine research that may yield positive results. Take a look.
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Petroleum Science and Technology, 28:146–154, 2010
DOI: 10.1080/10916460903058145
A Novel Technology for Desulfurization of FCC Diesel Fuels: Combination of Hydrogenation and Oxidation-assisted Ultrasound
Y. DAI, Y. QI, AND D. ZHAO
Department of Petroleum Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, P. R. China
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
Address correspondence to Yongchuan Dai, Department of Petroleum Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, P.R. China. E-mail: ych_dasic@yahoo.com.cn


[Excerpts from Introduction]
Sonochemistry is a new and rapidly growing research field with broad applications in environmental engineering, green chemical synthesis, and processing.
…
Many papers and patents concerning oxidation of sulfides have been published and claimed, including the systems for ODS of diesel fuels. But UAODS of diesel fuels is just the beginning (Mei and Mei, 2003; Dai and Qi, 2007a,b). UAODS technology offers a nonhydrogen consuming, lower capital cost, more sustainable alternative to conventional HDS technology and can be applied as part of an effective strategy for an alternative to revamping intermediate and low-pressure HDS units to produce low sulfur diesel (LSD) and/or ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), or as a means to reduce the operating cost of lowpressure units that have already been revamped. The technology can also be considered as an attractive revamp opportunity for any existing unit where construction of new high-pressure HDS units is the alternative.


In the present work, three types of studies are discussed. First, HDS of highsulfuric FCC diesel fuel is mapped out relevant to our investigations. The purpose of this measurement is to address issues pertaining to these reactive conditions in different remove of sulfur rates. Second, UAODS of high-sulfuric FCC diesel fuels is performed. And last, integrating HDS with UAODS of FCC diesel fuels is preformed to meet the new LSD and/or ULSD specifications.

Keywords FCC diesels, hydrodesulfurization, integrated desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, ultrasound
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The easiest way to find a source for the full text of this article is to Google® its DOI – Digital Object Identifier, which is …

10.1080/10916460903058145

You might have a different perspective on the subject of this post … please post your comments to Desulfurization Blog: http://www.desulf.blogspot.com/

Fire in the hole …

“I am building a fire, and everyday I train, I add more fuel. At just the right moment, I light the match.” -- Mia Hamm (American Soccer Player. b.1972)

A recent Google® search produced an interesting article on visbreaking.

Visbreaking is an important technology in the process of bringing crude oil to market. If you are an expert, you already understand this technology. But other readers of this blog will find very good background on the technology at …

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visbreaking

What I like about this article is the application of one technology … NMR … to improve the results of another technology … visbreaking. Here are excerpts from the article …

Fuel 89 (2010) 185–192
Correlations between SARA fractions and physicochemical properties with 1H NMR spectra of vacuum residues from Colombian crude oils
Daniel Molina V, Uriel Navarro Uribe, Juan Murgich
Corresponding authors: dmolina@uis.edu.co  (D. Molina V), jmurgich@ivic.ve , jmurgi-ch@yahoo.com  (J.Murgich).
doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.07.021


Introduction
Vacuum residues are one of the main byproducts of oil refining that require extensive thermal cracking and, in some cases, visbreaking before their conversion to more valuable products. Usually, in order to predict the amount and quality of the resulting products, it is necessary to determine the physicochemical properties of each residue continuously. The assessment of these properties is, generally, carried out by methods mostly developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Once the physicochemical properties and SARA composition of the residues are measured, the operational scheme of the refinery that generates the best yields is, then, determined. The ASTM methods are quite slow, elaborate, and expensive, requiring large amounts of the residue to be analyzed and use large quantities of expensive solvents. The handling of the vacuum residues is, generally, difficult due to their high viscosity at room temperature and their stickiness to all kinds of containers. This makes the analysis of the residues a rather cumbersome and costly procedure. Some of these analyses are required to be performed up to weeks, depending on the physicochemical properties and saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes SARA components. Faster and less expensive methods to analyze these residues using spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are thus of great interest to optimize valuable refinery outputs at significantly lower prices and in much shorter times.
…
In this work, the vacuum residues of a wide variety of Colombian crudes ranging from light paraffinic to heavy aromatic were studied. A vacuum residue of a typical blend of naphtenic crudes used as a refinery feed was also included to have a more complete set. It is expected that residues of most other Colombian and other crudes will fall within this set. Using their 1H NMR spectrum, a method was developed that was able to predict some physicochemical properties and the SARA composition of the residue of a particular crude or a mixture of them. These methods may allow the selection of the most efficient conditions for the cracking and visbreaking processes of these residues in a very short time. In this way, costly studies and refinery trial runs may be avoided with the corresponding savings in cost and time.

Use this DOI – Digital Object Identifier - 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.07.021 to see more details on the article and / or to obtain a full text copy.

What I would like you to do … invite me to join your LinkedIn network. Visit my LinkedIn profile at www.linkedin.com/in/jeansteinhardtresearch